Globalization

Enriched through developed communication Technology, the victorious liberal economic model require political Coverage.

But because cultures are not united about the Nature of Liberalism, the different liberal positions led to various political Streams.

Free Decision is a social relation. Its status depends on economic Circumstances. The Nature of the free economic Decision is stipulated by economic Conditions, and for the last are not the same by every Decision Maker, and changeable also, Views and understanding of Liberalism are relative, and the volume of the Freedom in the political Choice is qualitatively and quantitatively variable also.

Psychologically; The "Ego" relation to the "He" and to the "super Ego" is determined by economic states. i.e. in order to be closed or better modified, the Theory of Freud lack to include Relativity in its Antecedence.

In addition to the fluctuation in the Space of Freedom ( which is not supposed to exceed the human-Nature Relation),individuals remain also to a great extent influenced by inherited authoritarian Tradition and education Systems.

After the world Wars , two main liberal Streams have branched;

a. A negative Liberalism with a " Laissez-faire " equation

b. A Positive Liberalism, with a progressive social concept. It views Solidarity and liberal Positivism as the method of securing Liberalism. Human is the goal of the Production and not the other Way around.

In both (a and b) there are left , middle and right Positions.

The Development of the classical Liberalism(negative social Position) has its intellectual Basis in the Philosophy of Enlightenment. Some of the Possible Advocates are;

Nicolo Machiavelli 1469-1527(Italy), John Locke 1704-1632(England), Desiderus Erasmus 1536 (Holland), Voltaire 197-1923(France), Anders chydenius 1803-1729 (Finland), august Ludwig Scholtzer 189- 1735(Germany), Thomas Jefferson 1734-1826 USA, Jeremy Bentham 1832 (England), Benjamin Constant 1830 (Switzerland),

Bertle Ohlin 1979 (Sweden , Herbert Spencer 1903(England) , Isaiah Berlin 1997- 1909 (Latvia).

The Parties:

a. Parties that cantain the Term in their Slogan Syntax are:

1. Party of Freedom and Progress (Belgium)

2. Liberal Party of Canada

3. Party liberal de Quebec

4. liberal party of Australia

5.Liberales Forum (Austria)

6. Freedom Party (Austria)

7. liberal party of Andorra

 8.Party of liberal front & Liberal Party (Brazil)

9. Movement for rights and Freedoms (Bulgaria)

10. Aruban liberal Organization

11. Colombian Liberal Party

12. Libertarian Movement Party (Costarica)

13. Liberal party (Croatia)

14. Cuban Liberal Movement

15. Liberal Union (Cuba)

16. venstre Danmarks liberal part

17.liberal party of the Dominican Republic

18. Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party

19. The liberal party of Egypt

20.The Liberals (Finland)

21. The Liberal Party of Gibralta

22. The Liberal Party of Honduras

23. The Liberal Party (Island)

24. The national liberal party of Lebanon

25. The Liberal and Centre Union(Lituania)

26. The Liberal Party of Macedonia

27. Liberal Constitutional Party (Nicaragua)

28. National Liberal Party (Panama)

29. Authentic Radical Liberal Part (Paraguay)

30.Liberal party ( Philippine)

31. Freedom Union (Poland)

32. The national Liberal Party (Romania)

33.Liberal Alliance of Montenegro

34.Civic Alliance of Serbia

35. People’s Party-Liberal (Sweden)

36. Liberal Party of Switzerland

38. The Liberal Party (Ukraine)

39. The Liberal Party (USA)

40. The liberal democratic party of Angola

41. The free democratic party (Germany)

42. The liberal party of Honduras

43.The liberal party of Hong Kong

44.The liberal democratic party of Japan

45. The liberal democratic party (Kenya)

46. The liberal democratic party of Macedonia

47. The liberal democracy of Slovenia

48. The free democratic party of Switzerland

Other Parties with liberal Content but different Names are:

1. unity for human rights party (Albania)

2. Recreate for Growth (Argentine)

3. Republican party of Armenia

4. United Civic Party of Belarus

5. Reformist Movement

6. Rebirth Party of Benin

7.The Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina

8. Pak Sam Rainsy (Cambodia)

9. Rally of the Republicans (cote des voires)

10. . Czech Liberal reform party of

11. Italian Republican Party

12. Estonian Reform Party

13. Latvian Way

14. ACT New Zealand

15. Union of right Forces (Russia)

16. Malaysian People’s Movement Party

17. Popular Movement (Morocco)

18. The statute Union Party of Morocco

19. Union for Peru

20. Popular Action (Peru)

21. Seychelles National Party

22. The Alliance of New Citizens

23. Civic United Front (Tanzania)

24. The Republican Party (USA)

25. The Alliance of Northern Ireland

26.United Party of national Development (Zambia)

27. Democratic party of Luxemburg

28. Alliance of free democrats (Hungary)

29. national democratic Congress of Grenada

30. The feeling of community party

31. Alliance for Democracy and Federation of Burkina Faso

32. United Democrats (Cyprus)

33. The democratic Alliance (RSA)

34. The Millennium democratic party (South Korea)

35. The Senegalese democratic party

36. The democratic Alternative 91(Surinam)

Non-Parliamentarian liberal parties:

1. Liberal Forum (Australia)

2. liberal Party of Bangladesh

3. Libertarian Party of Canada)

4. Liberal Party (Chilly)

5. . Czech Path of change

6 . Czech Party for an open Society

7. Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic

8. Movement Forwards Ecuador

9. Pôle des Libertés (France)

10.The People Party of Norway

11.The Liberals (Greece)

12. The Liberals in Haiti

13. Swatantra Bharat (India)

14. The Federation of the Italian Liberals (Italy)

15. The Liberal party (Italy)

16.Liberal party (Peru)

17.The Liberal party of Cosova

18. Liberal Coalition (Spain)

19. Liberal Party of Sri Lanka

20.The Liberal Party of England

21.The Liberal party of new York

22. Liberal Party of Uruguay

23.The liberal force in Venezuela

24.Civil Resistance Venezuela

25. The liberal party of Afghanistan

26.The liberal democratic party of Armenia

27.The liberal democratic party of Australia & The liberal forum

28.The liberal democratic Party of Laos

29. The liberal democratic Party (Mongolia)

30. The liberal democratic Party of Holland

31. The liberal democratic Party (Turkey)

There are about 100 liberal movements across the world. Statistics says; that liberal Streams make out the absolute Majority of the contemporary world population.

What was forbidden or censored in the past became supported since the collapse of The Soviet Empire 1989.

In his (Union day 2005)Speech to the Nation Mr. G. W. Bush announced: Our Freedom depends on the Success of the Freedom in the World.

Liberal parties are (generally) Tax free Parties with a Hand Out Political Concept(Negativism). Economic Tax and Restrictions used by left Capitalists are usually condemned by the classical liberals. John Locke (The spiritual intellect of the US Revolution) affirmed: Individual freedom can not be violated by democratic Decisions. Neither Kings nor Society may jump over this Principle (Lock wrote in his political Studies).

Globalization of positive Liberalism doesn't abate the Differences over the nature of the market, because the last is not an identical practice Field.

Liberalism is based on several philosophical Fundaments, and it is useful to mention some of its political arguments:

1. The liberal decision is democratically natured. But in order to prevent the majority from violating the basic rights of Minorities or Individuals, a human Rights Concept is proposed to achieve a liberal democratic Statute. Historically;

The US- and other European left Democrats didn't do much to prevent Slavery or force abolition. But republicans and other liberals did better in establishing a liberal government, ending the "Laissez-faire Slavery" tolerated by the left.(Read the Story of Abraham Lincoln and the War he led to free America from racial and national Capitalism).

"Every Man is a King' is a Slogan that was declared by an US Senator to prevent the democracy from seizing the individual liberal Rights, but he was killed little later by democratic Racists.

Two Basis have been philosophically adopted to organize the  international Relation;

A. A hand Out politics based on the Sovereignty of the States and Governments(considering the interior affairs of the States as being part of State Rights. Hitherto no intervention in the interior affaires is acceptable. This Model goes back to the German intellectual Grotius)

b. A Kantian model allowing Intervention in the interior Affaires of the States for the sake of individual Freedom being the Basis of the general social freedom. This has become normatively very popular since the Fall of the Russian Communism. Kofi Annan and his Successor Ban ki Moon both declared; that sovereignty is no more Immunity for those who violate the rights and commit Crimes against Humanity. Long before such statements have been made, the United States interfered in Yugoslavia, Grenada, Panama etc, and later in Iraq (without even a security Council resolution. Via Veto, the red and left Presence in the Council makes the Way of the New Era some how problematic, and this makes the Council Reforms very Urging).

The Administration justifies the interventions through Facts like; Rights Injuries, Violence and Crimes committed by the rulers. It might not be the Goal of the Administration to merely restore the Rights of other States Individuals, but although the Basis for Interventions remains (in according to the liberal Principles and human rights Declaration) legitimate.

2. Other Decision related Element is; The Theory of Multiplity, which says;

Values are relative and logically hedonistic. What counts is what the subject (Individual) sees and not what the others want. Despite the fact that john Locke has been considered the main founder of the modern Empiricism, he didn't deny the role of the subject in evaluation and reduced the Genesis of values to the taste. This is of course no denial of the Experience role in developing the sensitivity of the Taste.

That is to say ; No scientific Justification of violating the individual rights and Values is derivable.

There is a Consensus about the Fact that the Source of all possible Values is the subject( Independent from idealistically met or imposed Decisions)as being no Object of a majority rule.

The Position of the Positive Liberals:

This led Capitalism during the Cold War Era, but Fluctuatingly.

The Main Father and Founder was the Greek Socrates (who was the first to preach Democracy).

The Democrats give the majority the right to restrict individual rights for social reasons. They claim that the intervention be undertaken to serve the general Health of the entire Society. What is Critical in such a policy is the Fact; that healthy individuals pay for the Misery of bottom Individuals in the social democratic Society. For that reason, a grotiusian Concept would suit Democracy better than other renaissance Arguments, and it has been practically the Basis of democratic foreign policy, for it gives the States the right of exercising unlimited Rule over the Citizens, and hence Protectionism becomes justified. The Restriction of hand out Policy on economic Level be mirrored politically through tolerating Restriction of individual Freedom for political or security reasons.

I still remember that event when I was imprisoned by the Austrian Police in 1998.

They explained the Cause of Arrest through the following Protocol; For the general Interest is superior to the private Interest, and for the social and general Interest enjoy Priority, the State see in the arrest of the mentioned Person (me) a fulfillment of the general Interest of the Society(This reminded me of the Holocaust and the Nazis Genocide committed for the Sake of the general Reich Interest.)

The New Democratic Era has (luckily)not been very Promising, since so many Voters have immigrated to other Parties. So the Parties had to make reforms in order to avoid the Decline. The US Democrats made a lot of reforms under Clinton- Algore Administration, giving up some of their protectionism and nationalism.

They adopted some republicanism in their Market Policy, which made them lose some of their Identity also. They became very closed to the Center, but keep carrying their previous vacuumed Name. Since the US Invasion of Iraq, the Democrats have been trying to steal the republican policy, making profit of the Bush Occupation Dilemma. Their congressional Stance on Turkish Genocides against the Armenians is purely and traditionally Republican.

In Fact, Left and right are a matter of economic and Security Circumstances. When we consider Liberalism as an Attempt of achieving the best possible freedom into a social Framework, we imply ^(r)  relativity in the equation of Liberalism. If Liberty is a matter of Individual- Society Relation, then the economic and political State of the society is very decisive for the Possibility of achieving best possible Freedom. But what differ main Liberalism from the left Liberalism is the fact; that the first implement a minimum and necessary Quantum of security Considerations.

For example ; the Republicans created some Additional restricting Security and Tax Procedures because of having become Goal of launched Terror Attacks, which they wouldn't have done in a state of Peace. This made them little closed to the Democrats in some of their State of Peace Gestures, and gave the democrats the Chance to accuse them of having broken the Norms. Many of them describe G. W. Bush as a Liar. The Popularity of the Liberalism has increased by the End of the cold War. Its natural Ambient is a Peaceful Society and World. This made the WTO pay a great attention to ending Disputes in the Areas of Investment, and it has been a republican Effort since the nineties. Wars require increase of Tax and a strength of governmental role. It gives Politics Priority, while Peace is an economic Priority mostly.

Possible intellectual basis for the Democracy and social democracy:

 1. Aristotle (322-384 BC)

2. David Hume (1776-1776)

3. Emanuel Josef Siyes (1748-1836)

4. Oliver wendel holmes (1841-1836)

5.Betrand Russell (1872-1970)

6. Arthur Schlesinger (1917)

7.John Kenneth Galbrith (1908)

8.Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924)

9.Immanuel kant (1724-1804)

11.Karl Hermann Flach (1924-1973)

12.Dirk Vorhofstadt (1955)

The Democratic and social democratic parties across the world:

1. the socialist party of Argentine

2. Australian labor party

3. The socialist Party of Austria (SPÖ)

4.The alternative socialist party of Belgium

5.The social democratic party of Brazil

6. The new democratic party of Canada

7. the Czech democratic Party

8. the social Democrats of Denmark

9. The Social democratic Party (Estonia)

10. The Social democratic Party (Finland)

11. The socialist party of France

12. The Social democratic Party (Germany)

13. Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Greece)

14. The social democratic Alliance (Island)

15. Indian national congressionals

16. the Indonesian democratic Party

17. Irish labor Party

18.The left democrats (Italy)

19. The labor Party of Israel

20. The democratic Party of Japan(Minshuto)

21. Luxembourg Socialist Worker's party

22.The revolutionary People Party of Mongolia

23. The Labor Party of Holland

24. The New Zealand Labor Party

25.The Labor party of Norway

26. The Labor party of Portugal

27.The social democratic party of Romania

28. African national Congress

29. The socialist labor party of Spain

30. the social democratic labor party of Sweden

31. Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

32. Republican Peoples’ Party (Turkey)

33. Labor Party (England)

34.InIreland:

a. progressive Unionist Party

b. Social and Democratic Labor Party

c. North Ireland Liberal Forum

35. Scottish National Party

36. US Democrats

As mentioned before; In order to have a Say about Today globalization, the Democrats had to give up many of their Ideas, Norms and Lines, as a possible way of responding to contemporary Demands. It has been a great Challenge for them to give up the Idea of nationalism, their local social priorities and many other progressive program points. At this point we may speak of a Party or cultural evolution in a  Schurzian sense.

The first Democrats emerged from the ruins of the dead US Federalists, and the early party has burdened the Society with its Taxes Policy (1798). The Social Democracy of Europe had diverged from the main socialist Movement, and grew from the Dispute between right and left Marxism. After the second World War, the social Democrats declared (In the famous Godesburg Conference ) the End for Marxisistic Classes Struggle Theory. So they Descended from Socialism to ascend the left capitalism, and today seem not to be far away from the main liberal Stream. It cause a great fear among them of being dissolved in the classical Liberalism losing their original Identity.

In the last decades, the United Nations has been a political Battle Field  between Republicans and social Democrats. The Liberals want to reform the Organization and develop its governmental Mechanism, while the classical democrats catch at the past Tradition demanding an Increase of Payments for the Institutions in order to keep their Functions in tact.

The Republicans and other Liberals Succeeded in making the UN a real threat for Dictators and War Criminals. But want much more to be done on secretarial and other institutional Levels.

In Fact, the United Nations is seen in many countries (including the Arabic World) as a mere Mufti or Church pastor issuing Statements and Appeals ,but no body is forced to listen to.

The historical Struggle between left and right  led to what we call today Neoliberalism. The last comprise the left macroeconomics and the right Hand Out policy, added to a supportive international governmental Institutional Structure.

On Security Level, the 13 Agreements on combating Terrorism have become an obligatory Security System (through The security Council resolution 1373).

(From my Book on Globalization)

Ahmad Hussein Annan

Ann_20067@hotmail.de

Ahmadannan1966@yahoo.com

The Following human rights Agreements might be helpful in studying the horizon of the international involvement in the Neo Era of aimed world political System.